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房产纠纷 Real Estate Dispute
房产纠纷主要围绕房屋权属、交易、使用及相邻关系等争议展开，具体可分为以下五类核心争议及法律要点：
一、房屋产权争议 Disputes over property rights of houses

涉及权属确认与分割问题：

1、产权归属纠纷

  • 共有房产份额分配冲突（如离婚或继承中夫妻、子女对共有房产的分割主张）；

  • 登记错误或权属证书与实际权利人不符（如登记人非实际出资人）；

2、特殊产权争议

  • 宅基地使用权继承问题（仅地上建筑物可继承，使用权不可单独转移）；

  • 央产房、军管房等受限产权变更纠纷（如无法过户导致继承或分割障碍）；

Regarding ownership confirmation and division issues:
1. Property ownership dispute

  • Conflict in the allocation of shared property shares (such as claims for division of shared property by spouses or children in divorce or inheritance)；

  • Registration error or ownership certificate does not match the actual rights holder (if the registrant is not the actual investor)；

2. Special Property Rights Disputes

  • The issue of inheritance of the right to use homestead land (only buildings on the land can be inherited, and the right to use cannot be transferred separately)；

  • Disputes over restricted property rights changes in central delivery rooms, military management rooms, etc. (such as inheritance or division obstacles due to inability to transfer ownership)；

二、房屋买卖纠纷 Disputes over property transactions

聚焦合同履行及欺诈行为：

1、合同效力争议

  • “一房二卖”（开发商将同一房屋售予多人，引发所有权冲突）；

  • 虚假意思表示（如以房屋买卖形式掩盖借贷担保，导致合同无效）；

2、违约及欺诈责任

  • 卖方未按时交房、房屋质量不符约定或隐瞒抵押事实；

  • 买方逾期付款或拒收房屋（需承担违约责任）；

3、广告与合同条款冲突

  • 宣传承诺未写入合同（如学区房、配套设施落空）可能视为合同内容；

Focus on contract performance and fraudulent behavior:

1. Contract validity dispute

  • One house, two sales "(developers selling the same house to multiple people, causing ownership conflicts)；

  • False expression of intention (such as covering up loan guarantees in the form of property sales, resulting in invalid contracts)；

2. Liability for breach of contract and fraud

  • The seller fails to deliver the house on time, the quality of the house does not meet the agreement, or conceals the fact of mortgage；

  • Buyer's overdue payment or refusal to accept the property (subject to breach of contract liability)；

3. Conflict between advertising and contract terms

  • If the promotional commitment is not included in the contract (such as the failure of school district housing and supporting facilities), it may be considered as part of the contract；

 三、房屋租赁纠纷 Housing lease disputes

涉及租金、维修及合同解除：

1、租金支付争议

  • 租户拖欠租金或房东擅自涨租；

2、维修责任划分

  • 房屋损坏时房东拒绝维修，或租户不当使用导致损失；

3、

合同解除权冲突

  • 提前退租押金扣减、违约解除条件不明确等；

Involving rent, maintenance, and contract termination:
1. Rent payment dispute

  • Tenants default on rent or landlords increase rent without authorization；

2. Division of Maintenance Responsibilities

  • When the house is damaged, the landlord refuses to repair it, or the tenant causes losses due to improper use；

3. Conflict of Contract Termination Rights

  • Deduction of deposit for early termination of lease, unclear conditions for breach of contract termination, etc；

四、相邻关系纠纷 Adjacent relationship dispute

因不动产相邻权益引发：

  • 通行、采光、排水受阻（如加盖建筑影响邻居采光）；

  • 噪音、污染等妨害行为（需排除妨碍并赔偿）；

Due to adjacent real estate rights:

  • Traffic, lighting, and drainage are obstructed (such as adding buildings that affect neighbors' lighting)；

  • Disruptive behaviors such as noise and pollution (need to be eliminated and compensated)；

五、继承与分割纠纷 Inheritance and division disputes

1、遗产房分割争议

  • 子女对父母房产继承份额冲突（如部分子女出资翻建房屋主张所有权）；

  • 离婚房产分割方式分歧（竞价、变卖或作价补偿）；

2、折价计算规则

  • 婚前首付婚后还贷房产：婚后共同还贷及增值部分需补偿配偶；

1. Disputes over the division of inheritance houses

  • Conflict between children's inheritance shares of their parents' property (such as some children claiming ownership by investing in rebuilding the house)；

  • Divergent methods for dividing divorce property (bidding, sale, or compensation for valuation)；

2. Discount calculation rules

  • Pre marital down payment and post marital repayment of property: Joint repayment and appreciation of the property after marriage must be compensated to the spouse；

六、纠纷解决路径 Dispute Resolution Path

1、管辖规则：

  • 不动产纠纷由房屋所在地法院专属管辖（如房屋质量、产权争议）；

  • 合同纠纷可协议选择管辖地（需书面约定且不违反对级别管辖和专属管辖）；

2、法律依据：

  • 《民法典》物权编（第234条确权）、合同编（第563条解除权）及继承编；

  • 最高人民法院关于商品房买卖的司法解释（针对欺诈行为惩罚性赔偿）；

3、处理方式：

  • 协商调解优先（如家庭会议约定分割方案）；

  • 最高人民法院关于商品房买卖的司法解释（针对欺诈行为惩罚性赔偿）；

1. Jurisdiction rules:

  • Real estate disputes are under the exclusive jurisdiction of the court where the property is located (such as disputes over property quality and ownership)；

  • Contract disputes can choose the jurisdiction by agreement (subject to written agreement and not violating hierarchical jurisdiction and exclusive jurisdiction)；

2. Legal Basis:

  • The Property Rights Section (Article 234), Contract Section (Article 563), and Inheritance Section of the Civil Code；

  • Judicial Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on the Sale and Purchase of Commercial Housing (Punitive Compensation for Fraudulent Behavior)；

3. Handling method:

  • Priority should be given to negotiation and mediation (such as the division plan agreed upon in a family meeting)；

  • Judicial Interpretation of the Supreme People's Court on the Sale and Purchase of Commercial Housing (Punitive Compensation for Fraudulent Behavior)；