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知识产权 Intellectual Property Dispute
知识产权的具体内容是指权利人依法对特定智力成果享有的专有权利，其范围由《民法典》第123条明确规定，主要包括以下八类客体及相关权利体系：
 一、核心知识产权类型 Core intellectual property types

1、著作权（版权）

  • 保护对象：文学、艺术和科学作品（如文字、音乐、美术、软件、影视作品等）；

  • 权利内容：人身权：发表权、署名权、修改权、保护作品完整权；财产权：复制权、发行权、信息网络传播权等经济权利；

  • 物件致害：建筑物脱落、坠落造成损害（如外墙瓷砖砸伤路人，所有人或管理人承担过错推定责任）；

2、专利权

保护对象：

  • 发明：产品/方法的技术方案（如新药物配方）；

  • 实用新型：产品形状/结构的实用改进（如新型插座）；

  • 外观设计：产品外观的美学设计（如手机造型）；

  • 权利核心：禁止他人未经许可实施专利技术；

3、商标权

  • 保护对象：商品/服务的标识（文字、图形、声音、三维标志等）；

  • 权利范围：在核准类别内享有专用权，禁止混淆性使用；

1. Copyright (Copyright)

  • Protected objects: literary, artistic, and scientific works (such as text, music, art, software, film and television works, etc.);

  • Rights content: Personal rights: right of publication, right of attribution, right of modification, right to protect the integrity of the work; Property rights: economic rights such as reproduction rights, distribution rights, and information network dissemination rights;

  • Object damage: damage caused by building detachment or falling (such as external wall tiles injuring pedestrians, the owner or manager shall bear presumed fault responsibility);

2. Patent rights
Protected object:

  • Invention: Technical solutions for products/methods (such as new drug formulations);

  • Utility model: Practical improvement of product shape/structure (such as a new type of socket);

  • Appearance design: Aesthetic design of product appearance (such as mobile phone styling);

  • Core right: Prohibit others from implementing patented technology without permission;

3. Trademark rights

  • Protected object: Identification of goods/services (text, graphics, sound, 3D logo, etc.);

  • Scope of Rights: Enjoy exclusive rights within the approved category and prohibit confusing use;

二、扩展知识产权类型 Expand the types of intellectual property

1、地理标志

  • 保护特定产地商品的品质特征（如“西湖龙井”茶叶）；

2、商业秘密

  • 保护未公开的技术/经营信息（如配方、客户名单）；

3、集成电路布图设计

  • 保护芯片元件布局设计的独创性；

4、植物新品种

  • 保护人工培育的植物新种属（如高产水稻品种）；

1. Geographical Indication

  • Protecting the quality characteristics of specific origin products (such as "West Lake Longjing" tea);

2. Trade secrets

  • Protect undisclosed technical/business information (such as formulas, customer lists);

3. Integrated Circuit Layout Design

  • Protecting the originality of chip component layout design;

4. New plant varieties

  • Protecting newly cultivated plant species (such as high-yield rice varieties);

 三、保护机制与创新 Protection mechanism and innovation

1、惩罚性赔偿制度

  • 对恶意侵权可适用实际损失1-5倍赔偿；

2、交叉保护策略

  • 重叠保护：产品包装可同时登记版权+申请外观设计专利；

  • 权利冲突回避：商标注册不得损害他人在先著作权；

3、新型保护需求

  • 人工智能生成内容、数据产权等纳入“法律规定的其他客体”；

1. Punitive damages system

  • For malicious infringement, compensation of 1-5 times the actual loss can be applied;

2. Cross protection strategy

  • Overlapping protection: Product packaging can simultaneously register copyright and apply for design patents;

  • Avoidance of conflicts of rights: Trademark registration shall not harm the prior copyright of others;

3. New Protection Needs

  • Artificial intelligence generated content, data property rights, etc. are included in the "other objects stipulated by law";

四、实务要点 Practical points

1、著作权

  • 保护重点：原创性表达保护；

  • 典型案例场景：抄袭网络小说传播获利；

2、专利权

  • 保护重点：技术创新垄断；

  • 典型案例场景：仿制医疗器械技术方案；

3、商标权

  • 保护重点：品牌识别度维护；

  • 典型案例场景：山寨饮品使用近似商标；

4、商业秘密

  • 保护重点：信息保密性与商业价值；

  • 典型案例场景：前员工泄露客户数据库；

1. Copyright

  • Protection focus: protection of original expression;

  • Typical case scenario: Plagiarizing online novels for profit dissemination;

2. Patent rights

  • Protection focus: technological innovation monopoly;

  • Typical case scenario: Imitation of medical device technology solutions;

3. Trademark rights

  • Protection focus: maintenance of brand recognition;

  • Typical case scenario: counterfeit drinks use similar trademarks;

4. Trade secrets

  • Protection focus: Information confidentiality and commercial value;

  • Typical case scenario: Former employee leaks customer database;